Loading dataset...
The RAM
The UTXO set is active memory. 2,099,999,999,755,528 sats = 2.1 quadrillion bits = 262.5 TB.
Finite. Bounded. Unfolding through halvings. Every sat is a bit. Every block fills some bits and empties others.
Below: the fill curve, the write rate, and the cumulative surface.
cumulative W / 2,099,999,999,755,528. The fill curve of Bitcoin's RAM. Asymptotic to 100%.
subsidy + fees per block. The bandwidth of new bits entering active memory. Halvings visible as step drops.
Total inscribed value through each block. The total active memory at each moment.
fees / subsidy. The transition from subsidy-dominated to fee-dominated write rate. Approaches infinity at the last halving.
The Disk
Every block commits one irreversible transition from RAM to permanent storage. The blockchain is accumulated memory.
Nothing is erased. Below: the commit rate and cumulative disk surface.
tau per block. Rate at which active memory freezes to permanent storage. 1 MB pre-SegWit, up to 4 MB post-SegWit.
Total permanent memory committed to the chain. The accumulated disk surface.
W / tau. How many bits of value compress into each byte of permanent storage. Genesis: ~17.5M sats/byte. Today: ~400 sats/byte. The chain cools.
tau / vsize. Pre-SegWit: 1.0. Post-SegWit: up to 4.0. The red line is A = A.
The Architecture
Active memory grows toward 262.5 TB. Permanent memory grows at ~1 MB/block.
The fee market measures memory pressure. The energy per committed bit shows how far above the Landauer floor the network operates.
Active bits (cumulative sats) vs permanent bits (cumulative bytes × 8). Two memory surfaces, one chain.
Fee rate over time. The fee market as a memory pressure gauge: how much users pay to commit state transitions.
cumulative energy / (cumulative bytes × 8). J per bit committed to permanent storage. The green dashed line is the Landauer limit at room temperature (2.8 × 10⁻²¹ J/bit). Use ranges to see different orders of magnitude.